which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology

If Derrick answered correctly, he was able to identify _____ morpheme(s). C. the representativeness heuristic d. do not communicate. If you did, you probably have associated peanut butter and jelly in your mind. Really quickly, what is the first word that comes to mind when you hear peanut butter? c. a memory of a favorite childhood book. C. mental set c. best measured by the Stanford-Binet IQ test. A. An algorithm is a finite sequence of precise instructions for performing a computation or solving a problem. We encode the sounds the words make. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written a. snacks and friends. c. what a person knows about a particular type of object does People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. A(n) _____ is a strategy that guarantees a solution to a problem. And when youre riding in a crowded elevator and you cant face the front, it feels uncomfortable, doesnt it? And although hyperthymesia normally appears in adolescence, two children in the United States appear to have memories from well before their tenth birthdays. It is not there on your desktop (your short-term memory), but most of the time you can pull up this information when you want it. Stimuli can vary and may include words, pictures, and other stimuli to elicit a response or increase recognition. involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. B. the child's IQ is lower than average. You absorb a large quantity of information by listening to and participating in discussions, examining maps, and reading first-hand accounts of peoples lives. c. beet A. rethink and redefine his problem. Predict whether the dissociation of the dimer to the monomer is exothermic or endothermic, based on the fact that at higher temperatures the yellow color of the solution intensifies. In this case, Monique has c. divergent thinking. She has looked at several different possibilities and now must select which apartment best suits her needs. a. smoothie Concepts are informed by our semantic memory (you will learn more about semantic memory in a later chapter) and are present in every aspect of our lives; however, one of the easiest places to notice concepts is inside a classroom, where they are discussed explicitly. Did you think of jelly? consent of Rice University. b. emotional intelligence. Which of the following is true of creative thinkers? A. morphemes In other instances, you might be able to follow different paths that will all lead to the same solution. Round the results to three decimal places. In The Bell Curve, Herrnstein and Murray made the unfounded claim that: An Algorithm simply refers to the process or the set of rules which are vital in calculations. Once you know how to drive, you can encode additional information about this skill automatically. B. followed the fixation technique to solve the problem. B. Concepts prevent us from generalizing. c. measure what it's supposed to measure. Most likely your early experiences with dogs will shape what you imagine. c. confirmation bias. Find and frame problems C. Develop good problem-solving strategies D. Rethink and redefine problems and solutions over time are vague and/or ill defined (p. 246-247) In everyday situations, finding and framing problems can be difficult because many real-life problems _____. Despite not knowing this person, already you have unknowingly made judgments about them. citation tool such as, Authors: Rose M. Spielman, William J. Jenkins, Marilyn D. Lovett. C. refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure. Related concepts are linked, and the strength of the link depends on how often two concepts have been associated. Can you remember every event you have experienced over the course of your lifemeals, conversations, clothing choices, weather conditions, and so on? 70 or below For example, what comes to your mind when you think of a dog? One barrier to innovative problem solving is persisting in using techniques that have been successful in the past, also known as: d. valid. Children understand metaphor and satire usually between ages 11 and 14. You can see that the sentences are now much more memorable because each of the sentences was placed in context. Storage is the creation of a permanent record of information. According to Piaget, egocentrism refers to young children's. They are motivated more externally than internally. However, Keppel and Underwood (1962) examined only the first trials of the trigram task and found that proactive interference also affected short-term memory retention. Whitney took Spanish in high school, but after high school she did not have the opportunity to speak Spanish. B. both convergent thinking and divergent thinking. D. Algorithms lead to different answers to a given problem. a. communicate with one another; dream more vividly Emotion and memory are powerful influences on both our thoughts and behaviors. Watch this video about superior autobiographical memory from the television news show 60 Minutes to learn more. rethinking and redefining problems and solutions over time. how long ago the event takes place. D. employ heuristics rather than algorithms as the problem-solving strategy. Language could help a child learn to control social behavior. Some years ago, psychologists Fergus Craik and Endel Tulving (1975) conducted a series of experiments to find out. Heuristics and algorithms differ in terms of their Some common ones include: The upside of using an algorithm to solve a problem or make a decision is that yields the best possible answer every time. He looked all through the glove compartment for a flashlight so that he could get a better look under his seat. grove hill medical center new britain, ct; . Remember the elevator? He travels several days throughout the month and spends very little time with Cooper. b. four Heuristics could also be called: Peterson and Peterson (1959) investigated short-term memory using the three letter sequences called trigrams (e.g., CLS) that had to be recalled after various time intervals between 3 and 18 seconds. Which of the following is true about overlapping subproblems? D. Egocentrism. This is one of the reasons why much of what we teach young children is done through song, rhyme, and rhythm. Short-term memory takes information from sensory memory and sometimes connects that memory to something already in long-term memory. A. Heuristics guarantee a solution to a problem. d. They will always result in a correct solution, if there is a correct solution to be found. b. actual tasks involving visual perception. It is illustrated when psychologists and other scientists use theories to make predictions and then evaluate their predictions by making further observations. It involves forming opinions based on prior experiences. Recalling the last time you studied for a test is another example of automatic processing. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. Developmental psychologists use the term _____ to refer to a person's genes or biological inheritance. Multiple Choice Q19 Algorithms break complex tasks into steps that can be followed. C. Vocabulary usually decreases below 50 words per day when children are between ages 9 and 11. d. semantics. They are initial goals that put the individual in a better position for reaching a final solution. There are memories in visual-spatial form, as well as memories of spoken or written material, and they are stored in three short-term systems: a visuospatial sketchpad, an episodic buffer (Baddeley, 2000), and a phonological loop. A. grasping the deeper meaning of ideas In psychology, algorithms are frequently contrasted with heuristics. D. divergent thinking but not in convergent thinking. _____ is the tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one's stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information. When solving a problem, if a person is hesitant or unable to think beyond solutions that have worked in the past, he or she is stuck in: Work through this series of numbers using the recall exercise explained above to determine the longest string of digits that you can store. a. Psychology is a social science that is rooted in the natural sciences, like history and philosophy. answer choices phenomenon that just happens reconstructive process way in which we receive information not important Question 2 30 seconds Q. A. an adult who, after 30 years of normal intellectual functioning, is involved in an automobile accident and has suffered brain damage that has severely limited mental functioning You may not be able to recall all of your classmates, but you recognize many of them based on their yearbook photos. Q. He is most likely receiving _____ parenting. Brainstorming is an example of 2010;47(4):554-69. doi:10.1037/a0021184, Bobadilla-Suarez S, Love BC. C. availability heuristic. In this way, concepts touch every aspect of our lives, from our many daily routines to the guiding principles behind the way governments function. Psychologists would most likely consider Malcom to be B. are slow. In what order should you run your errands? B. culturally biased. c. the more likely that person will succeed in an academic setting. Kanzi, the chimpanzee, communicates with researchers by using: A. Heritability estimates remain constant over time and across different groups. A. According to Gardner's multiple intelligences, which of the following types of vocations would most likely require bodily kinesthetic intelligence? Both memory trace decay and proactive interference affect short-term memory. In psychology, one of these problem-solving approaches is known as an algorithm. He has skipped three grades and is a straight A student with superior verbal and mathematical talent. This would be similar to finding and opening a paper you had previously saved on your computers hard drive. D. used a heuristic to solve her packing problem. d. different aspects of intelligence. Craik and Tulving concluded that we process verbal information best through semantic encoding, especially if we apply what is called the self-reference effect. Although individual experiences and expertise can affect concept arrangement, concepts are believed to be arranged hierarchically in the mind (Anderson & Reder, 1999; Johnson & Mervis, 1997, 1998; Palmer, Jones, Hennessy, Unze, & Pick, 1989; Rosch, Mervis, Gray, Johnson, & Boyes-Braem, 1976; Tanaka & Taylor, 1991). C. 15 to 20 Marjorie took a personality test in April. An algorithm is often expressed in the form of a graph, where a square represents each step. Lang JM, Ford JD, Fitzgerald MM. a. Evaluate solutions B. An algorithm for determining use of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy. It is sometimes referred to as the "I-knew-it-all-along effect.". a. availability heuristic D. 70 or lower. 1. You might perform this script two or three times each day. The best strategy for solving a problem depends largely on the unique situation. We recommend using a They are used to evaluate the solutions. They are devised while developing problem-solving strategies. d. music notes on a keyboard. b. language acquisition device. a. linguistic relativity hypothesis. Retrieval, or getting the information out of memory and back into awareness, is the third function. A. overcome functional fixedness. A. c. make sounds; dream more vividly An algorithm is the process of breaking problems. Mental images a. a surreal and hazy picture. _____ involves reasoning from a general case that we know to be true to a specific instance. It refers to reasoning from a general principle that individuals know to be true to a specific instance. D. precision, ________ is a characteristic of good problem solvers. Unlike heuristics, algorithms provide a definite solution to problem. Because it is a schema, it is extremely challenging for us to stop reaching for the phone, even though we know that we endanger our own lives and the lives of others while we do it (Neyfakh, 2013) (Figure 7.5). Preparing for the dinner party in this way is an example of D. They are initial goals that put the individual in a better position for reaching a final solution c. logical/mathematical intelligence. Cognitive psychology studies all of the following EXCEPT B. Algorithms are faster than heuristics. Explicit memories are those we consciously try to remember, recall, and report. a. Do you recall the earlier discussion of semantic networks? Whichofthefollowingoptionsistrueaboutalgorithms?a. C. analytical If there is a smell that makes you feel positive and nostalgic, and you don't know where that response comes from, it is an implicit emotional response. A. autistic. First, the doors open and you wait to let exiting passengers leave the elevator car. People who are gifted have an IQ of They love going into nature, spreading a blanket on the ground, and eating a delicious meal. Our ability to retrieve information from long-term memory is vital to our everyday functioning. According to Baddeley and Hitch, a central executive part of memory supervises or controls the flow of information to and from the three short-term systems, and the central executive is responsible for moving information into long-term memory. When packing her glassware to move into a new apartment, she runs out of protective styrofoam packing material. Which of the following is TRUE of algorithms? D. deductive reasoning. C. functional fixedness. The self-reference effect is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance (Rogers, Kuiper, & Kirker, 1977). d. Psychiatrists. In this case, Dan's experience demonstrates d. "street smarts.". A prototype is the best example or representation of a concept. PRNGs attempt to create numbers that are as random as possible. A. indulge in fixations. Psychology is considered a science and comes from a foundation of chemistry because of its focus on research. An algorithm can be defined as a finite sequence of instructions that are used to resolve specific mathematical and/or computational problems. B. algorithm Parents who use the _____ parenting style give strict rules to their children with little discussion of the reasons for the rules, Compared to authoritarian parents, authoritative parents are likely to be, Cooper's father is a corporate executive who works long hours. a. intelligence is largely inherited. Should you go to the bank, the cleaners, or the grocery store first? Thus, algorithmic problem solving actually comes in two phases: derivation of an algorithm that solves the problem, and conversion of the algorithm into code. d. all languages are similar in certain universal ways. Algorithms allow automation of complex tasks. There are two components of long-term memory: explicit and implicit. a. Japanese children. __________refers to auditory sensory memory, whereas _____ refers to visual sensory memory.