They cause an inflammatory response that kills pathogenic bacteria upon contact. AIDS is associated with the destruction of the white blood cells in the body. (a) In what way are both of these periods similar? One set of the body's defenses are called "innate." a type of white blood cell ____ 1. B Inchworms 32. IgM - it is an opportunistic pathogen One of the most important steps I can take to prevent exposure to bloodborn pathogens is to be mindful of my surroundings at all times in the clinical setting. 17. C. marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken in the . 1 0 obj Leishmania (Leishmaniasis) This problem has been solved! Diseases can either be noninfectious (due to genetics and environment) or infectious (due to pathogens). D Polio, Which disease is often called the "kissing disease" because you can get it from contact with saliva? The word pathogen can be defined as: a. all microrganisms b. all disease-causing microorganisms c. all insects d. all microscopic particles Definition b. all disease-causing microorganisms Term Which of the following is NOT an example of biohazard? How many people die each year from HCV related liver failure? Describe how molecular Koch's postulates could be used to test this hypothesis. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). <> histamine. Certain complement proteins kill foreign microbes by "As a student, I am NOT required to receive the Hepatitis B vaccination prior to starting my clinical rotations. a. Feces and urine c. Amniotic fluid b. Fluid surrounding heart and lungs d. x[ms6|fj 2sMnNhKM*] $ rdIX>Nvjc/_vbU/vk?OuSmsv.^]N_sy3bH,eY|d|g1s9{v1Ogti~9]WrV==j5,4?iG^~%k/ejP7-0_kK_}wNE=?2|y= w 6eiW2xl z{5jW,>pJE$Bfl^b'ddQ8odUpfct{KY|{U;&I$t zrs,# @-"*1.!c?]sr[z}jeOg_W/_,lR"=58Nx? B Mumps and measles Which indirect object pronoun correctly completes the answer? There is currently no vaccination available for Hepatitis B. 2 Q One-celled plants and animals are called: unicells. Neglect energy transfers with the environment. histamine Organisms that carry and pass on the pathogen without getting the disease, some types of escherichia coli are normal flora of the, the most important way to stop the spread of infection is through. They must then receive a copy of the evaluation within ___ days, The hepatitis B virus can last for up to seven days outside of the body. All of the following are major forms of disease transmission except? -Safe injection practices, "The use of ""safer"" medical eqipment such as self-capping needles or self-sheathing scalples would be part of what aspect of an Exposure Plan?". False 3. Diseases that involve biofilm-producing bacteria are of serious concern. 18. the chemical forms a gas that is inhaled and travels deep into the lungs, Viruses regularly move between animals and humans in mayor but dangerous cases a brothers may undergo a genetic change that increases its risk of causing serious disease in human populations of the following changes in human animal interactions could reasonably be expected to increase the risk of human harm due to virus exposure, Humans now raise large number of animals for food, A medical facility stores material that produce out for radiation these materials are located in room surrounded by thin wooden walls what are the specific rest to a worker walking just outside the room, tobacco smoke is a teratogen. The EPS protects the bacteria from the host's immune response. (d) affinity. 4 0 obj True Bloodborne pathogens are: -Viruses and bacteria -micro-organisms -Carried in the blood -Transmitted by other potentially infectious materials Which of the following is NOT considered a bloodborne pathogen? Who is not at high risk for contracting MRSA? True D Protozoan, Unit 7: Alcohol, Drugs and Tobacco Awareness, Honors English III Final Exam- Vocab and Rhet, Spanish Exam Speaking Questions and Answers, Dutton's Orthopaedic: Examination, Evaluation and Intervention. Define the viscosity and osmolarity of blood. Section: 07.04, Cytokines assist in regulating white blood cell formation. Section: 07.04. *Certain complement proteins involved in the membrane attack complex kill foreign microbes by causing them to burst. ____ 1. Two types of toxins are hemolysins and leukocidins. cytokines. Hypersensitivity to a substance in one's diet or environment is called what? False, True [8QRP{i?P-%?`ReX}:Tgx Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. - 12838571. alexis1713 alexis1713 06/18/2019 Health Middle School answered Which of the following is a nonspecific defense against pathogens? perforin, perforin Blood is the only bodily fluid that can carry pathogens. basophils and macrophages A Cold and flu Calculate the outside air temperature. Something about names of all department personnel. a. Bloodborne Pathogens Answer Key 1. which biological agent is not considered by terrorist for the mass destruction of people? False b. Which of the following are small cell masses where protective cells are stored? Since fungal infections are of a certain type of microorganism, areas o fhte that can be infected include all but which of the following? She suspects that the bacteriums fimbriae are a virulence factor. The length of each rod is about the same: assume 55cm55 \mathrm{~cm}55cm. antioxidant Discuss in view of the relativity principle (that there is no best reference frame). There is currently no vaccination available for Hepatitis B. IgG heat IgG Huma immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is considered which type of virus? The Shiga and diphtheria toxins target __________ in host cells. Candida can invade tissue by producing the exoenzymes __________ and __________. A healthcare worker not washing his/her hands. -The use of Personal Section: 07.03, People with allergies do not produce IgE. Which of the following is an example of a noncommunicable infectious disease? A) the sticking of monocytes to the wall of the blood vessels at the site of infection. True 4. D Polio, Which pathogen cannot be cured with antibiotics? D Bacteria, What is the common cold's pathogen. They are not as easily treated compared with those involving free-floating (or planktonic) bacteria. 5. A difference between an acute disease and chronic disease is that chronic diseases have an extended period of __________. *Epinephrine counteracts the effects of histamine in anaphylactic shock. malaria, AIDS Virulence, the degree to which a pathogen can cause disease, can be quantified by calculating either the ID50 or LD50 of a pathogen on a given population. The new gorilla brought a virus that infects gorillas without causing disease, but is virulent to chimpanzees. Which of the following is NOT a way for pathogens to enter the body? agglutinating them. Infected blood or OPIM may be transmitted through which of the following means? endobj They release histamine which causes blood vessels to become permeable. Neglect rolling friction. A) alveolar macrophage - lungs B) microglial cells - brain Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following molecules: Infect healthy rats with the pathogen (i.e., the wild-type strain) and observe signs of disease (phenotype).Identify the gene that is responsible for the production of the fimbriae. 11. have enzymes which react with antigens. *Cytokines regulate white blood cell formation so they are being investigated as a possible treatment for AIDS. it coats the surface of the pathogens to make them easily recognizable View the full answer -Hand washing Section: 07.04. creating interferon. 83209Bi{ }_{83}^{209} \mathrm{Bi}83209Bi or 96242Cm{ }_{96}^{242} \mathrm{Cm}96242Cm. MTBE and gasoline leak from old tanks, then the MTBE dissolved into water and moves through soils into groundwater. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like pathogens are one of the major sources of environmental risks. 36. IgE, IgE A difference between an acute disease and chronic disease is that chronic diseases have an extended period of __________. Simgle-celled microscopic animals that realease enzymes or toxing that destroy cells are called what? A Bacteria 15. neutrophils and macrophages Section: 07.02. is part of the inflammatory response. Check all that apply Activation or inactivation of host cell DNA Binding to RNAs that silence genes Affect host cell DNA that is responsible for cytoskeleton organization Exchange of capsule genes between pathogen and host cell Secretion of . A(n) __________ pathogen causes disease only when conditions are favorable for the microorganism because of transfer to an inappropriate body site or weakened immunity in an individual. Imagine that a mutation in the gene encoding the cholera toxin was made. True b. B. leprosy-is a Mycobacterium leprae (a slow growing bacteria) #CarryOnLearning. *Lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow and T lymphocytes travel to the thymus to mature. toxic shock syndrome has been assiciated witht the use of what? True Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with chronically inflamed joints. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. How often is bloodborne pathogens training required? causing them to burst. Explain how helminths evade the immune system. Modify the Programming Project from earlier chapter so that the program reads a series of items from a file and displays the data in columns. antibodies. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. 8 00:48:34 Multiple Choice Supergroup Amoebozoans - Giardia intestinalis (Giardiasis) Supergroup Amoebozoans - Entamoeba histolytica (Amoebiasis) Supergroup SAR - Plasmodium (Malaria) Supergroup Excavata. pneumonia helps other immune responses. 2. Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. a. damage resulting in cell lysis Margination is defined as the process in which monocytes stick to the wall of the blood vessels at the site of infection Which of the following pairs is mismatched? Antigenic __________ is the result of reassortment of genes responsible for the production of influenza virus spike proteins between different virus particles while in the same host, whereas antigenic __________ is the result of point mutations in the spike proteins. The page below is a sample from the LabCE course OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens. What is the minimum number of mirrors needed for this task? Phospholipases are enzymes that do which of the following? A biological or physical vehicle that carries an agent to a host describes a what? anaphylactic *T cells possess specific receptors that help them identify antigens. *Inflammation and the release of histamine is part of the body's innate defenses. T cells can recognize antigens because they mucous membranes Cilia, fimbriae, and pili are all examples of structures used by microbes for __________. 1. Two periods of acute disease are the periods of illness and period of decline. IgM endobj sAR@`c&bChM=U,:n^W#*@'P|P\(Fdhv '?t2.qzM57r%e %KO%Li'[Tqo\,j6m thyroid and tonsils %PDF-1.5 Approximately how many people are affected by nosocomial infections each year in the United States? eqR)BZZt[A Number if studies suggest that these elevated concentrations can be traced back to emissions from rockets. IgD antibodies signify the readiness of the B cells. *The Mantoux skin test uses the delayed allergic response to indicate exposure to tuberculosis. a vaccination. {H(Iq4fU{dwYVH@hi!XM!9/fiTxUyf+0v Aq]e;-yTzY7&#wcYk#Doyiclr"c!C Noise b. to avoid eating a high concentration of mercury, which food should you select, soybeans watered with water from the river, which of the following approaches could help reduce the risk of malaria in a city without introducing new risks to human populations, search for and remove items that could hold accumulated water. :lL2ti+KXP? __ escribo correos a mi mejor amigo. This category is best described by which of the following? A Protozoans Protozoa adhere to target cells through complex mechanisms and can cause cellular damage through release of cytopathic substances. This allowed Streptococcus, a bacterium normally present in the mouth, to gain access to the blood. B. promote pathogen spread through connective tissue. all of the following are common viginal infections except? We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. They release histamine which causes blood vessels to become permeable. - it acts as a mutagen and carcinogen In July 2015, a report1 was released indicating the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found on hospital sinks 10 years after the initial outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. *(c) ion. When stung by a bee, Jackie goes into anaphylactic shock. Section: 07.02. Protozoal infection may lead to ht edevelopmen t of all the following conditions except? True Answer- Excavata is a major supergroup of unicellular organisms . Immunity produced by the injection of gamma globulin is known as what? They activate the complement system which punches holes in the invading pathogen. They are both forms of an immune deficiency. a. the vehicle that carries the pathogen b. a person or population that comes in contact with a pathogen c. a person who has a party for friends and family d. the intermediate resevoir where the pathogen lives A person or population that comes in contact with a pathogen pathogens are one of the major sources of environmental risks. An employee who has been exposed to blood or OPIM must be offered a private medical evaluation. Any substance that the white blood cells recognize as foreign is known as what? A 150 g copper bowl contains 220 g of water, both at 20.0^\circC. (f) gel filtration. IgM We]D!DTJewEj(dd.v,"t?huBwh7Vr5qjazNlAZO;8?&EToAb#xBxjzl?ch"x\}CAASM{Pj\^ViATinfMi\k+>!aOi/_gw]6/U)M~+ 8c Zj-L*c. Which of the following is a pathogen that could not be identified by the original Koch's postulates? A Mononucleosis Approximately how many people in New Mexico are infected with the HIV and/or AIDS? A(n) __________ pathogen causes disease only when conditions are favorable for the microorganism because of transfer to an inappropriate body site or weakened immunity in an individual. Myasthenia gravis Universal precautions Treating all human materials as if to be infected with bloodborne pathogens is called a. Explain why each of these is important for human survival. active endobj PTd?M5I$w7AKvnC=_$QisBH " Rjob/V? (b) liquid partition. The Centers for Disease Control estimate that there are about _______________ people living with HIV in the United States. Section: 07.04, The RhoGAM shot given to Rh negative mothers with an Rh positive fetus is an example of what type of immunity? Explain. It acts as an opsonin i.e. EKG, MHC Describe the motion of air particles inside an inflated balloon. Make sure that all rats in the study are healthy. -Cough etiquette C Yeast infection The four main functions of inflammation are to protect the body from further damage, remove damaged tissue, repair tissue damage, and prevent the spread of infection. A Virus what is the function of human lymphatic system? 7. tonsils and bone marrow, thymus and bone marrow interferon Which of the following choices lists the steps of pathogenesis in the correct order? If you have a __________, you literally have a plant living on your body. The thymus cleanses the blood from the cardiovascular system of cellular debris and bacteria. Section: 07.02, The membrane attack complex of the complement system is not effective against viruses. ;N>!yOl9;F/QZ~>$l{i"ZIW&t"NJV\fpL[ #T&~3-#b|Cs?^(qVtRgCi)b/)VEf8*5a=b\UZA`p\-X4U%PoHq+*`4#.CG 6Bmt{#&K-S paiYWkv'LgeWIZ IV.# ^Y9+~q)_rAfbomv%el Apply. The Shiga and diphtheria toxins target __________ in host cells. does Chronic fatigue syndrome have a cure? Which of the following must a pathogen possess in order for it to be successful at causing infectious disease? Which of the following is a pathogen that could not be identified by the original Kochs postulates? The EPS can act as an absorbent, reducing the amount of antibiotic that can attack the bacterial cells. True P. aeruginosa usually causes localized ear and eye infections but can cause pneumonia or septicemia in vulnerable individuals like newborn babies. This allowed Streptococcus, a bacterium normally present in the mouth, to gain access to the blood. Myasthenia gravis develops when antibodies attach to and interfere with the function of neuromuscular junctions. A microbiologist has identified a new gram-negative pathogen that causes liver disease in rats. in a household with smokers, which of the following health outcomes is most likely to occur, if a family was exposed to arsenic over a long period of time, which of the following health outcomes would be most likely, nervous system disorders and problems in brain development leading to low IQ. cell-mediated which of the following would not be considered a pathogen? These cells provide two types of acquired immunity: 1. Which pathogen is most virulent? B Measles (a) Would the toxin be able to enter into the intestinal epithelial cell? eosinophils 1. involves chemical barriers to entry. False 2. Which of the following is a nonspecific defense against pathogens? Infectious diseases can be spread by any of the following ways except: The following is not a defense mechanism for infectious disease: The organism that attaches itself to healthy cells is called a/an: The virus that causes __________ also causes itchy, red bumps. Approximately how many people die each year as a result of nosocomial infections? How much to the bowl? possess fimbrae. What do "having the measles" and being vaccinated against the measles have in common? Fungi initiate infections through the interaction of adhesins with receptors on host cells. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he A. wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables. Section: 07.04, If you were vaccinated against the mumps virus and later exposed to it, you would still be infected but it would not be as bad as if you had never been vaccinated. As a result, the patient developed bacterial endocarditis (an infection of the heart). Eleanor Noss Whitney, Ellie Whitney, Frances Sizer, DIET200 Chapter 4: Digestion and Absorption. A very hot 300 g copper cylinder is dropped into the water, causing the water to boil, with 5.00 g being converted to steam. pa help po sagutan 10 words lang po ok na po thanks po You also discover that it targets liver cells. C Protozoa *(a) gas-liquid. Who is covered by the bloodborne pathogen standard? C. must list all department personnel by name, A Level UK Politics: Topic 4 - Voting Behavio, Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins, Medical Terminology: Learning Through Practice. True One response of the human immune. passive, active B. capsule You have recently identified a new toxin. *The correct order is: antigen binds to BCR; B cell activated; B cell divides; plasma cells form. Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine that is used for pain relief. Which of the following are most likely to be pathogens a Macroparasites b. who should not get vaccinated for meningitis? C infection. This page titled 15.E: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity (Exercises) is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. (a) The patient exhibits the signs and symptoms of the disease in both of these periods. B red blood cells. redness B. keeps the pie chilled before serving it. Explain three reasons why biofilm formers are more pathogenic. helps other immune responses. - virulence by inducing host cells to self destruct eosinophils and basophils A Bacteria Any visible signs of illness could affect the observations made. Which of the following pathogens undergoes antigenic variation to avoid immune defenses? True Viruses are treated with antibiotics. Which of the following are considered Universal Precautions? inflammatory response, inflammatory response Section: 07.02, Which of the following is not considered a barrier to entry of a pathogen? *The four signs of inflammation are redness, heat, swelling, and pain. Two periods of acute disease are the periods of illness and period of decline. Explain how helminths evade the immune system. During which stage of the infection process is an individual highly contagious? Which of the following is NOT a pathogen? complement True IgA 24. Explain how the current discovery of the presence of this reported P. aeruginosa could lead to a recurrence of nosocomial disease. What is the most important thing that needs to match between him and the kidney donor? Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brian's case. ", "In contrast to HIV, the Hepatits B virus has a much higher risk of transmission from something like a needle stick. You have recently identified a new toxin. *In active immunity the individual produces antibodies against particular pathogens and in passive immunity the individual is given specific antibodies against a pathogen. 31. As a mountain erodes, sediment can accumulate in a nearby _____. BCR It is an injection of serum that contains antibodies. IgA antibodies prevent pathogens from attaching to epithelial cells in the digestive and respiratory tract. Section: 07.03, In ______ immunity the individual produces antibodies against particular pathogens while in ______ immunity the individual is given specific antibodies against a pathogen. I will be given an exposure plan by my clinical instructor/coordinator detailing what steps I should take if I am exposed to a potentially infectious source while at my clinical site. steroid In this context, this means Which of the following is an example of a noncommunicable infectious disease? Period of decline = pathogen particles start to decline - slightly less than maximum