Senti, F. R.; Hellman, N. N.; Ludwig, G.; Babcock, E.; Tobin, R.; Class, C. A., (1955). WebFITC Products. Harding, Stephen E. (1997). Biophysical Journal, 87, 4259-4270. AATEX. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the 2.It can be found from the figure that at the start-up stage of the shaft, the hydrodynamic effect (HE) is weak, so the HP is not enough to support the shaft, which Macromolecules. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 277, 99-104. Lim SB, Tingirikari JMR, Seo JS, Li L, Shim S, Seo JH, Han NS. Although, intrinsic viscosity is a molecular parameter that can be interpreted in terms of molecular conformation, it does not offer as high resolution on molecular structure as other methods such as Light Scattering, Circular Dichroism, Sedimentation Velocity, Sedimentation Equilibrium, Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (SEC-MALLS), High-performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), NMR, X-rays, etc. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of RF microporation technology in vitro, by evaluating the permeation of fluorescent-conjugated dextran (FITC-dextran) of various molecular weights through the human and pig skin after microporation, using a transdermal diffusion cell system. The numerical value of a indicates that dextrans acquire the shape of a rigid sphere in aqueous solution; and kM-H demonstrates that under water the value decreases with temperature [71, 72]. After 24h, the cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran M.W. Hydrodynamic radii ( RH) were determined by dynamic light scattering. Chem. These hydrodynamic parameters show that these polysaccharides behave as a compact rigid sphere and contract by the increase of temperature (RH decreases) for the Mw range from 8.8 to 200kDa. Alternatives to animal testing: a review. This study demonstrated that hydrodynamic volume and radius of gyration of a dextran sample with M w < 20 kDa and its linear counterpart with equal M w are almost Here we have the hydrodynamic radius estimate for the 3kDa dextran and 1.5 kDa dextran by the Zetasizer calculator, thanks to Alan. Alan F Rawle, t Thus, typically, the dextran glomerular for a molecule with a Stokes-Einstein (SE) radius of 30 is approximately sevenfold higher than that of neutral horseradish Molecular Weight Distributions of Water-Soluble Polymers by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea, LG electronics, 19 Yangjae-daero 11-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06772, Republic of Korea, You can also search for this author in Exp Cell Res. ; Hogan, M.P. (2003). In this work, hydrodynamic properties are investigated in different dextran aqueous solutions with different molecular weights (8.8-2000kDa), in a temperature range from 20C to 50C. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that the polysaccharide comprised only glucose units. Data File Dextran. Colloid Polym. In general, Mv is not experimentally accessible, whereas other average molecular weights are accessible. Harding, S. E.; Varum, K.; Stoke B.; Smidsrod, O. The relative browning for dextran from W. cibaria JAG8 was similar to commercial prebiotic Nutraflora P-95 and 3-fold lower than Raftilose P-95. Mainaa, Ndegwa Henry; Pitknen, Leena; Heikkinen, Sami; Tuomainen; Pivi; Virkki, Liisa; Tenkanen, Maija (2014). It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free a Immediately after microporation, b 4h, c 8h, and d 24h (n=5, *: p<0.05). Format). This conjecture found to be correct. Progress in Biophysical Molecules Biological, 68, 207-262. Privacy Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul. Transdermal drug delivery: overcoming the skins barrier function. 2009;8(2):1739. The skin poration was performed using the microporation device (LG electronics, Korea). Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifora, Marieta; Eich, Andreas; Wolf, Bernhard A. Nat Biotechnol. 2005;304(1):27486. Determination of polymer structure by Gel Permeation Chromatography. ; Grishchenko, A.E. WebTo address this perception, in the current study, FITC-dextran of different MWs (10, 70 and 150 kDa) was used to model the transdermal delivery of low MW biotherapeutics and mAbs with MWs of approximately 150 kDa. Keywords: intrinsic viscosity, dextrans, Mark-Houwink parameters, hydrodynamic, temperature, Journal of Polymer and Biopolymer Physics Chemistry, 2013 1 (1), Carbohydrate Polymers, 39, 377-380. Soc., 21, 1, 78-86. Carbohydrate Polymers, 79, 380-390. (2004). With FITC-dextran 20 K, cumulative Keywords: FITC dextran; intestinal permeability; transit time. Garcia de la Torre, J.; Carrasco, B. Polymer molecular weight distribution. The permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans (FITC-dextrans) with different molecular weights through the pig and human cadaver skins were measured using Franz diffusion cell. Biomater Res 24, 22 (2020). Mark-Houwink-Kuhn-Sakurada Exponent at the Condition. Banga AK. Effect of temperature on the intrinsic viscosity and conformation of chitosan in dilute HCl solution. Cecopieri-Gmez, Martha L.; Palacios-Alquisira, Joaqun (2005). In this sense, the largest deviations were obtained for the highest molecular weight (580-2000kDa with values from 0.8467 to 0.7346). Differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05. Viscosity of in water solution polysaccharides depends on intrinsic characteristics of the biopolymer (such as molecular weight, volume, size, shape, surface charge, deformation facility, esterification degree, and galacturonic content) and on ambient factors (such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, solvent, etc.). There is a deviation from linearity after 580kDa [69, 70]. Covis, Rudy; Ladaviere, Catherine; Desbrieres, Jacques; Marie, Emmanuelle; Durand, Alain. The fast increasing of these polyglucosans for medical, industrial and research purposes motivated a survey of the types obtainable. An official website of the United States government. The values of 0 decreases from 2.5429 to 2.3326 x 1023mol-1 demonstrating a relative flexibility of particles. Viet, D.; Beck-Candanedo, S.; Gray D. G. (2008). These constants can be determined experimentally by measuring the intrinsic viscosity of several polymer samples for which the molecular weight has been determined by an independent method (i.e. ; Wood, P.J. Carbohydrate Polymers 88 1440-1444. ; Picout, D.R. The micropores were developed on pig skin and human cadaver skin with dermal and epidermal layers by the microporation device. Microporation techniques for enhanced delivery of therapeutic agents. The biological activity of cationic liposomes in drug delivery and toxicity test in animal models. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. ; Talsma, H.; Hennink, W.E. 151-166. DOI: 10.12691/jpbpc-1-1-3, Received September 18, 2013; Revised October 23, 2013; Accepted November 22, 2013. Journal of Chemical Education, 80(9), 1036-1038. Global hydrodynamic analysis of the molecular flexibility of galactomannans. Smith, David R.; Raymonda, John W. (1972). Seven dextrans, provided by Sigma, with molecular weight of 8.8, 40, 71.9, 110, 200, 580 and 2000 kDa. J Cosmet Laser Ther. Viscosity of aqueous solutions of polysaccharides and hydrophobically modified polysaccharides: Application of Fedors equation. In a poor solvent which shows a positive heat of mixing, segments of a polymer molecule attract each other in solution more strongly than attract the surrounding solvent molecules. Leiva, Angel; Muoz, Natalia; Urza, Marcela; Gargallo, Ligia; Radic, Deodato (2010). Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 60, 1650-1662. Journal of Controlled Release, 119, 5-24. ; Veldhuis, T.F.J. Rissmann R, Oudshoorn MHM, Hennink WE, Ponec M, Bouwstra JA. Degrees of long-chain branching in dextrans. This phenomenon is observed in the case of hyperbranched biopolymers evidencing an increase of a with temperature. Barshtein, G.; Tamir, I.; Yedgar, S. (1998). Journal of Polymer Science, 17, 527-546. A sugar cane native dextran as an innovative functional excipient for the development of pharmaceutical tablets. Use of the single point method is correct because it is based in the Huggins method (HM); owing the HM requiring many viscosity and density measurements (at least four) for each Mw, but Solomon Ciuta method with a single measure is sufficient. Salunkhe SS, Bhatia NM, Pokharkar VB, Thorat JD, Bhatia MS. Topical delivery of idebenone using nanostructured lipid carriers: evaluations of sun-protection and anti-oxidant effects. ; Bos, G.W. ; Weisz, J. In our present study, microporated skin permeated insufficient amount of 20K FITC-dextran, suggesting that enhancement of permeability was unsuccessful with macromolecules of more than 20KM.W.. (1958). Dextran standards with sequence molecular weight from 8.8, 40, 71.9, 110, 200, 580 and 2000 kDa were utilized for the plot of calibration curve. After the pore closure examination, each sample was stored in a 10% neutral buffered formalin awaiting haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. The basic setup of a DLS instrument is shown in Figure 1. Radiofrequency is a well-known medical technique with expanded application in electrosurgery for laparoscopic medical procedures and in dermatology, for sebaceous glands ablation in acne treatment [12, 13], and treatment of photoaging skin symptoms, including wrinkles and hyperpigmentation [14]. Ind. Human skins (Full-thickness human skin) were supplied by HansBiomed. eCollection 2018 Feb. Molecules. The human and pig skin permeability of FITC-dextran (M.W. ; Aberle, T; Burchard, W. (2000). The molecular weight and Simha number do not change in this temperature range (Mw from 8.8-200kDa), P slightly change, showing modifications in the hydrodynamic properties of the biopolymer in aqueous solution as [] and RH. Terms and Conditions, 2. WebThe Stokes radius or StokesEinstein radius of a solute is the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as that solute. Carbohydrate Polymers 99, 199-207. Ibrahim O, Munavalli GS, Dover JS. ; Bataille, B. Pharmaceutical Quality Dextran 40 is available from Pharmacosmos as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) as excipient for final formulation, drug product, for medical devices, for production of solutions for injection and infusion and much more. National Library of Medicine For simplicity, macromolecules are treated as rigid molecules for a hydrodynamic study. The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of individual samples of dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyoxyethylene over a range of molecular weights (1,500 Dextran produced from Weissella cibaria JAG8 was purified and characterized. Quintanilla-Pineda M, Achou CG, Daz J, Gutirrez-Falcon A, Bravo M, Herrera-Muoz JI, Pea-Navarro N, Alvarado C, Ibaez FC, Marzo F. Foods. Careers. Google Scholar. 2015;32(5):170413. Mark-Houwink values confirm that for these conditions dextrans behave as rigid spheres with a tendency at compaction as temperature increases. Intrinsic viscosity of bovine serum albumin conformers. For ellipsoids, as studied by Simha, (a/b) is a function of axial ratio. Hi Sir Alexander Malm , Thank you very much! Really appreciate your help! Ionic Polymers Based on Dextran: Hydrodynamic Properties in Aqueous Solution and Solvent Mixtures. WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). The qM-H values given by equation 13, these vary from 0.9993 to 0.9841 for the range between 8.8 to 200kDa in a temperature range of 20 to 40C. In the future, we plan to investigate the possibility of enhancing the delivery of other macromolecular drugs such as peptides and siRNAs using the RF-based microporation device. 2012;29(7):201729. For a limited temperature range, the viscosity of a polymer solution varies generally following a relation similar to that of usual liquids (rrhenius plot), where the polymer concentration is not very high and that temperature remains far enough from glass transition [38], and for system PEAorganic solvents see reference [63]. PMC Dilute Solution. (1969). Prausnitz MR, Langer R. Transdermal drug delivery. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. (1990). Figure 2 shows the classical method for calculating Mark-Houwink parameters, where a linear relation between the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight is established for each temperature. J. (1999). 2005;22(4):5505. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Materiaux 1-5. Pharm Res. Solvent effects on polysaccharide conformation. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). WebThe micelles produced at pH 4.6 have a spherical shape and their size is dependent on the Maillard reaction: reaction time, molar ratio of casein to dextran, and molecular weight of dextran used. Various average molecular weights (Mv, Mn, Mw, and Mz) instead of Mv were substituted in M-H equation. Dextran (DX) is one type of EPS synthesized by LAB in the presence of sucrose (R g), radius of hydrodynamic (R h), polymer conformation parameter ( = R g /R h), intrinsic viscosity ([]), Mark-Houwink coefficient () and branching degree of DXs of RPYs prepared under different conditions. Bookshelf Figure4 shows the histological analysis of micropores in human cadaver skin. A similar article of dextran/water [35] clearly demonstrating the dependence of Mark-Houwink parameters with temperature. Chapter 2.1.4 Suspended level viscometers for transparent liquid, Ubbelohde Viscometer page 28-31. Synthesis of dextran by dextransucrase treated, sucrose-supplemented skimmed milk revealed the promising potential of dextran as a food additive. 2012;87(6):1728. 8600 Rockville Pike The mostly used commercial product/ polysaccharide is dextran, and it is produced from bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides, with an overall degree of branching of about 5% [1-3][1]. Dextran Specifications: Label (Ex/Em): Fluorescein (494/521) Size: 40,000 MW. @ Nilimesh See attached. Micropores are produced by the arrangement of microelectrodes on the skin at precise dimensions, then RF energy generated by alternating currents induces ionic vibrations between electrodes with positive or negative charges. 2021 Aug;13(4):915-925. doi: 10.1007/s12602-021-09751-1. Radiofrequency ablation of malignant liver tumors. 4K, 10K, and 20K) permeated through the human, and pig skin after microporation. Characterization of high molecular weight dextran produced by Weissella cibaria CMGDEX3. Carbohydrate Research, 160, 205-214. Article It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free The solution was measured using an Anton Paar DMA35N densitometer. Results and Discussion The microscopic dynamics of proteins are probed in a light scattering experiment. MeSH terms Proc of SPIE. Webdextran fraction and the final product depend on changes in the hydrodynamic volume of the molecules after substitution. (1954). Equivalent Radii and Ratios of Radii from Solution Properties as Indicators of Macromolecular Conformation, Shape, and Flexibility. 7 8 If plotted for all molecular weights, the double logarithm of [] and Mw, the value of a obtained in all cases shows a value smaller than 0.5, which reports that dextran macromolecule has a degree of hyperbranched with increasing molecular weight and increases much for higher Mw (< 200kDa) which making the application of M-H method more difficult. Drug Deliv Syst. Carbohydrate Polymers 72, 356-360. Dextran. 2018 Jan;184(1):1-11. doi: 10.1007/s12010-017-2522-4. The skins were from the abdomen of a 39-year-old caucasian woman (BMI: 24). Chromatographic characterization of polymers: Hyphenated and multidimensional techniques. SEC of mono-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a wide range of pH, MarkHouwink constants. Experimental Review on Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements and Temperature Effect.". eCollection 2015. Huang S, Huang G. Preparation and drug delivery of dextran-drug complex. Int. (2006). WebTry out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Peptide and protein transdermal drug delivery. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. 1994, 95-0355. Carbohydr Polym. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 58(11), 953-957. 4K was 10.611.68 and 13.440.18M in human and pig skin, respectively. Kloster, C.; Bica, C.; Lartigue, C.; Rochas, C.; Samios, D.; Geissler E. (1998). J. Braz. European. Ioan, C.E. Walkenhorst, S.; Olivier, R. (2002). Boudry I, Blanck O, Cruz C, Blanck M, Vallet V, Bazire A, Capt A, Josse D, Lallement G. Percutaneous penetration and absorption of parathion using human and pig skin models in vitro and human skin grafted onto nude mouse skin model in vivo. Epub 2012 Oct 18. ; Prasad, D.H.L. 43-1, 115-147. Microporations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times and the skin damage was confirmed using the TEWL measurement. SWC designed and coordinated the research. 1984;17(6):11703. (2000). Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and molecular size of a native dextran. Guner, Ali (1999). (1999). Viswanath, D.S. The author thanks Universidad Nacional de San Luis (Project 2-81/11), FONCyT (PICT 2004-N23-2548 and PICT 2008-N21-84), and CONICET (PIP 6324 Res. Universal size-independent quantities for the conformational characterization of rigid and flexible macromolecules. J Control Release. Eremeeva, T. E.; Bykova, T. O. In order to understand the behavior of this biopolymer in water and to support changes at the M-H parameters with temperature, the hydrodynamic parameters are analyzed (hydrodynamic radius, (RH); Simha number, ((a/b)); Perrin parameter (P); Flory parameter (0); and stiffness chain (dln[]/dT)). Proc. Lucifer yellow (LY) and FITC-labelled dextran stock solutions were prepared in Ringers-HEPES buffer (150 mM NaCl, 3.4 mM CaCl 2, 1.2 mM MgCl 2, 5.2 mM KCl, 0.5 mM NaHCO 3, 2.8 mM glucose, and 10 mM HEPES) and frozen at 20C. Challenges in analysis of high-molar mass dextrans: Comparison of HPSEC, AsFlFFF and DOSY NMR spectroscopy. Bohdanecky, Miloslav (1996). A simple way of universalizing the measurements is shown in figure 4 where there is a curve at each temperature for every molecular weight. The 70-kDa FITC dextran reached the jejunum after 15 min and passed the entire small intestine within 1 h after its administration, demonstrating that 4-kDa FITC dextran measured in plasma 1 h after its oral application is a marker of small intestinal permeability. 10K, and c M.W. 2003;89(2):31120. These studies were carried out at the Hisko (Gunpo, Korea). (2008). Therefore, it is suitable as model molecules with different molecular weights for transdermal drug delivery [29]. The Mark-Houwink parameters indicate the dependence with temperature (T) in the range from 20 to 50C, ie with increasing T a increases and kM-H decreases. 2016;9706:97061E6. This low polydispersity realizes that the Mark-Houwink equation is forced at a given Mw regardless of the hyperbranched nature of the dextran molecule. To improve drug permeability, micropore ablation using RF is performed by passing an alternating electrical current through the skin at a frequency higher than 100kHz. 2012;9(2):14754. Dextran Fractions. Epub 2017 Jun 1. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help This result could reflect the presence of some aggregated species within the lysozyme sample solution. volume24, Articlenumber:22 (2020) The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10 K was 4.82 0.32 M, in the human skin and 5.92 0.46 M in the pig skin. Ubbelohde, Leo. Journal Argentine Chemical Society 100 (2013) 25-34. In the range of working temperatures and molecular weights of dextrans, similar intrinsic viscosity results obtained by other researchers and published here are slight, as shown in tables 1 and 3. The most widely applied coatings for FDA-approved SPIONs are dextran and carboxydextran. Polysaccharide hydrogels for modified release formulations. WebDextran 670 GPC Standard Normative Mw - 670000 Da GPC standards can be used for calibration and molecular weight determination. Saudi Pharm J. WebHydrodyamic Radius, R H: In addition to the analytic size of a linear (C=1) chain, the end to end distance, R eted or R 0, and the structural size, the radius or gyration, R g, dynamic measurements yield a size called the hydrodynamic radius, R H. Consider a rod particle of length L=10R where R is the radius. With FITC-dextran 20K, cumulative permeation in the human skin was 2.530.48M, and 3.340.19M in the pig skin, which significantly lower than FITC-dextran 4K. Cumulative amount of FITC-dextran permeated after microporation on the human and pig skin for FITC-dextran M.W.. a M.W. By using this website, you agree to our A similar combination involves the intrinsic viscosity and specific volume: (a/b) is called Einstein viscosity increment, and Vs is specific volume (cm3/g). All branched polysaccharide types could be described approximately by the hyperbranching theory. After 24h the micropores were either closed or reduced further to smaller sizes, 37.5020.41, 50.5718.07, and 58.5814.99m, for 2, 5, and 10 times microporation, respectively. ; Ortega, A.; Garcia de la Torre, J.; Harding, S.E. Synthesis and characterization of blue dextrans. Bahary, W. S.; Hogan, M. P.; Jilani, M.; Aronson, M. P. (1995). Therefore, the trend of "a" and kM-H decreases with T, where the presence of ethylene glycol or dimethylsulfoxide strongly changes the interactions of this solvent with the macromolecule. Home > 2022 > Junho > 22 > Uncategorized > dextran hydrodynamic radius. A few percent of R (13) glucosidic linkages provides side chains which appear to be short. They concluded that a power law behavior seems to be approached only in the small molecular weight region. Webdextran hydrodynamic radius. Carbohydrate Research, 340, 811-826. The effectiveness of the RF microporation technique in transdermal drug delivery of macromolecules and hydrophilic agents such as peptides, hormones, and vaccines has been demonstrated extensively in previous studies [16,17,18]. ; Rani, K.Y. Int J Pharm Investig. Radiofrequency with microneedling. He, L.; Niemeyer, B. For Research Use Only. Pig skins (Micropig Franz cell membrane) were supplied by Medi Kinetics Co., Ltd. (Pyeongtaek, Korea). The parameters of Mark-Houwink for polymers can vary with the polymer solution and temperature. Tirtaatmadja, V.; Dunstan, D. E.; Boger, D. V. (2001). Rheology of dextran solutions. Masuelli, Martin A. Hydrodynamic properties of whole arabic gum. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. These results indicate that healing and regeneration occurred in the human cadaver skin after the microporation. Macromolecules, 31, 7712-7716. The intrinsic viscosity can be easily calculated by the Solomon-Ciuta single-point equation [44, 45]. Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular weights using radiofrequency microporation. Biophysical Journal, 27, 177-181. This is because the macromolecule hydrodynamic radius changes the solution type and temperature via change in their chain exibility. Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular weights using radiofrequency microporation, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Figure2 shows TEWL values measured before and immediately following the treatment of human cadaver skin with the microporation device. Figure3 shows a magnified image of human cadaver skin with microchannels formed by the microporation device (250kHz) and the skin closure over time. Liu Zonghua; Yanpeng Jiao; Yifei Wang; Changren Zhou; Ziyong Zhang (2008). dextran hydrodynamic radius. WebThe hydrodynamic radius ( Rh) determined by our Fluidity instruments is the Stokes radius, or the size of a hard spherical particle that diffuses at the same rate as the protein (s) detected. In summary, we demonstrated effective enhancement of skin permeability and delivery of macromolecules lower than 20KM.W., and regeneration of human cadaver skin after microporation with an RF-based microporation device. Enhanced topical delivery of small hydrophilic or lipophilic active agents and epidermal growth factor by fractional radiofrequency microporation. The explanation for the anomalous values of a and kM-H is because the mixture solute-solvent is highly compatible due a great compaction of biopolymer, from undisturbed state in the absence of interactions, where free energy of mixing less than zero, and emphasize the nature non-linear or hyperbranched of dextran for Mw high to 200kDa. The Mark-Houwink parameters and the effect of temperature on them are specifically studied. "Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. In a good solvent, a temperature increase results in an intrinsic viscosity decrease and in a less-extended conformation (RH<), because the entropy value increases with an increase in temperature and it is unfavorable for an extended conformation.